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1.
Open Geosciences ; (1)2023.
Article in English | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-20234022

ABSTRACT

The 2022 (M 6.8) Luding earthquake on the Xianshuihe Fault Zone (XFZ) caused severe casualties and property losses, and surface deformation and damage of which is crucial for studying the earthquake hazard assessment. However, few intensive scientific understanding has obtained to date because of widespread coronavirus transmission, strong vegetation coverage, and post-earthquake paralyzed traffic. By integrating high-resolution satellite images, large-scale geomorphic mapping, and UAV surveys, we constrain coseismic fractures and ruptures along an NW-SE-trending surface deformation zone, with discontinuous geomorphic scarps, en echelon cracks, and bulges concentrated in the areas of Yanzigou, Moxi, Menghugang, and Xingfu villages near the epicenter. Field observation also shows that the zone extends nearly parallel to the pre-existing XFZ with a length of ∼35 km with variable widths and a maximum vertical displacement of ∼100 ± 10 cm. The earthquake-induced surface coseismic effects, such as landslides, rock falls, and collapses, caused damage to the area. The amplification effect of the topography and the improper aseismic design and poor constructions may be responsible for the spatial distribution of MM Intensity IX, which is larger than other previous earthquakes that occurred in the surrounding area with a similar tectonic setting.

2.
IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ; 1189(1):011001, 2023.
Article in English | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-20231601

ABSTRACT

The title of the ConferenceXXII Conference of PhD Students and Young Scientists "Interdisciplinary topics in mining and geology”The location and the date of the conferencevirtual event – online conference, June 29th to July 1st, 2022 in Wrocław, PolandXXIInd Conference of PhD Students and Young Scientists "Interdisciplinary topics in mining and geology” continues a series of events that started in 2000 at Wrocław University of Science and Technology. Scientific programme of the Conference focuses on four thematic panels:1. Mining Engineering: sustainable development, digitalisation in mining, problems of securing, protecting and using remnants of old mining works, underground mining, opencast mining, mineral processing, waste management, mining machinery, mine transport, economics in mining, mining aeronautics, ventilation and air conditioning in mines,2. Earth and Space Sciences: geology, hydrogeology, environmental protection, extraterrestrial resources, groundwater and medicinal waters, engineering and environmental protection, geotourism,3. Geoengineering: environmental protection, applied geotechnics, rock and soil mechanics, geohazards,4. Geoinformation: mining geodesy, GIS, photogrammetry and remote sensing, geodata modeling and analysis.The XXII Conference of PhD Students and Young Scientists was held as a virtual event, that is as a virtual, online conference in real-time. The reason why the Organizing Committee decided to change the traditional formula of the event to online formula was related to the concern for the health of the participants due to the COVID-19 epidemic.The XXII Conference of PhD Students and Young Scientists took place from June 29th to July 1st, 2022 in Wroclaw, Poland. That is the organizers worked and managed the event from the Wrocław University of Science and Technology Geocentre building. Because the conference focused on four thematic panels, four different special opening lectures were delivered by wellknown scientists- Professor Jan Zalasiewicz (University of Leicester, England)- Associate Professor Artur Krawczyk (AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland)- Professor Biljana Kovacević-Zelić (University of Zagreb, Croatia)- Assistant Professor Eduard Kan (Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanizations Engineers, Uzbekistan).The Conference was divided into 8 oral sessions (with 33 presentations) and 1 poster session (with 33 posters). The amount of time provided to one presentation was 15 minutes, after presentation there was 5 minutes available for discussion. The poster session was available throughout the event, and the posters were available for online viewing on the Conference's website with the possibility of make discussion and ask questions in real time via zoom meeting application as well. Every day of the Conference one "virtual coffee break” was devoted for discussion between participants and question and answer session for the Organizers.There were 96 registered participants from 13 countries. The online XXII Conference of PhD Students and Young Scientists was conducted using the Zoom meeting platform with commemorative screen shots taken. By tradition two competitions, for the best oral presentation and for the best poster were held. The award for the best oral presentation was given ex aequo to Julia Tiganj (TH Georg Agricola University of Applied Sciences, Germany) for the presentation entitled Post-mining goes international: hurdles to climate neutrality using the example of China and Oksana Khomiak, Jörg Benndorf (TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany) for the presentation entitled Spectral analysis of ore hyperspectral images at different stages of the mining value chain, whereas the best poster was awarded to Adam Wróblewski, Jacek Wodecki, Paweł Trybała, Radosław Zimroz (Wrocław University of Science and technology, Poland) for the poster entitled Large underground structures geometry evaluation based on point cloud data analysis.List of Scientific Committee, Organizing Committee, Editorial Team are available i this pdf.

3.
Journal of Coastal Research ; - (SI):298-301, 2020.
Article in English | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2319599

ABSTRACT

Su, B.;Guan, C.;An, Q., and Wang, Q., 2020. Analysis and countermeasures of the influence of COVID-19 on the commodity category of port export in China: Taking Shanghai Port as an example. In: Liu, X. and Zhao, L. (eds.), Today's Modern Coastal Society: Technical and Sociological Aspects of Coastal Research. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 111, pp. 298–301. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Since the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus has spread rapidly, which has affected the economy, social interaction, and foreign trade, both in China and around the world. Import and export trade has become an organic part of China's national economy. Import and export trade accounts for nearly 35% of the national economy, which is a major part of China's economic growth. This article takes Shanghai Port as an example, collecting and analyzing the exporters of Shanghai Port in China from January to May 2020. Compared with the relevant data of the same period in 2019, this article discusses the major commodity categories that are affected by the epidemic situation in the export trade volume of Shanghai Port, giving countermeasures according to the influence situation in order to stabilize the quantity of this category in the future and reduce the risk of lower port trade volume of the export commodity categories affected by public health emergencies in China's port trade. At the same time, some suggestions and countermeasures are given to the ecological environment problems affecting the sustainable development of ports.

4.
Journal of Biological Chemistry ; 299(3 Supplement):S692, 2023.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2317201

ABSTRACT

The Outreach Program involves Community -engaged Learning that seeks to involve both the classroom and the Christian Brothers University (CBU) biochemistry and chemistry clubs in our K-12 education focused activities. These activities include a regional science fair for middle and high school students, the Chemistry Olympiad local and national competitions, and a summer outreach program for K-5 children who were recent immigrants from war-torn areas of Africa. Students in a seniorlevel research seminar class had an opportunity to put their skills to use by assisting in the judging of research projects conducted by grades 6, 7, and 8 students in our middle school fair which was affiliated with the Broadcom Masters national competition. Students in both the biochemistry and chemistry clubs and the research class have assisted with both the middle school and high school fairs by setting up tables for the presenting students and serving as information guides for the middle and high school students and their parents and teachers who came to our CBU campus to participate in the fairs prior to the Covid-19 pandemic. The assistance of our students from the research course and the clubs has enabled us to allow area students from public, private, and home-school to compete in the fairs at no charge to them or their parents or schools. Students from the biochemistry and chemistry clubs also helped by serving as information guides at the Chemistry Olympiad competitions and preparing the lab for the practical experimental section of the National Chemistry Olympiad Exam. These programs are resuming this spring with In-person only fairs and Chemistry Olympiad competitions with active participation by our students. Also prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, students from the biochemistry and chemistry clubs participated in the summer enrichment programs outside CBU for children of recent immigrants from Africa. These programs focused on a variety of STEM related activities related to chemistry, weather, geology, and fractals.Copyright © 2023 The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

5.
Applied Sciences ; 13(9):5598, 2023.
Article in English | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2316974

ABSTRACT

This review attempts to summarize contributions by authors who, in the last decade, have dedicated their efforts to making geoheritage accessible to the public. Geoheritage is composed of geosites, which are, nowadays, real milestones on which field-based geological education can be conducted. However, the COVID-19 pandemic in particular has made it clear that a new paradigm is needed;a series of tools must be introduced and increasingly used to make it possible for potential users, be they academics, students, or the lay public, to experience geosites from locations that can be thousands of kilometers away. All these have been achieved over time by a wide range of evolving techniques and advanced technologies such as GIS tools, virtual reality applications and further innovative technologies such as WebGIS platforms accompanied by appropriate navigation tools (VR headsets and thumbsticks). The viewers, in this way, are provided with a complete view of a virtual geosite, which enables visualizing its characteristics at different scales. VR technologies, especially, have revealed a high degree of satisfaction, based on feedback collected from VR geosite visualization events, both by scientists, students and the general public, and could be the forefront of geosite visualization and valorization in the near future.

6.
Land ; 12(4):803, 2023.
Article in English | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2300289

ABSTRACT

In the current post-COVID-19 era, online marketing is a supporting tool in marketing. The potential visitors to tourism destinations, such as geoparks, are increasingly guided and oriented by the rules of online marketing as the online space represents the main source of information. Geoparks should take this as a key fact. The research concentrates on the issue of geopark marketing from the view of the available information that geoparks present in the online space. The fundamental is to point out the information that is available on geopark websites. The method used in the research is based on an evaluation matrix that served as a basis for searching for information on websites. Based on the results of the analysis, geoparks in the EGN network present information of a general nature to a sufficient extent on their websites;they lack a better offer of product packages, online sales and orientation to new social networks that are used by the young generation. The clear answer is the professionalization of marketing, which would undoubtedly represent an effective step in the management of geoparks as well as the promotion of the country that the geopark represents.

7.
GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites ; 46(1):156-162, 2023.
Article in English | CAB Abstracts | ID: covidwho-2296898

ABSTRACT

Batur is the first area in Indonesia that is considered worthy of being a geopark by UNESCO. This determination is an acceleration of the progress of the nature and culture-based tourism industry that helps the welfare of the surrounding community with the principle of sustainability. This study aims to examine the role of several parties in enhancing UNESCO global geopark in Batur Bali of Indonesia as well as promoting local economic welfare. The study adopted a qualitative study with case study approach to gain a comprehensive result of the phenomenon. The qualitative content analysis and narrative analysis was used to process various information. This study focuses in UNESCO Global Geopark Batur Bali in Indonesia as the first and most successful in creating a better economic welfare primarily during and post the Covid-19 pandemic. The findings indicate that the Penta helix model can be used to develop Geopark Batur Bali and Indonesia in general in which each party plays their role in this development tourism and local economic development.

8.
Geosciences ; 13(4):96, 2023.
Article in English | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2295576

ABSTRACT

Teaching geology under COVID-19 pandemic conditions led to teaching limitations for educators and learning difficulties for students. The lockdown obstructed face-to-face teaching, laboratory work, and fieldtrips. To minimize the impact of this situation, new distance learning teaching methods and tools were developed. The current study presents the results of an empirical study, where distance learning teaching tools were constructed and used to teach geology to university students. A mineralogical mobile phone application was used to replace laboratory mineral identification and a flow chart to replace laboratory rock identification. Additionally, exercises on faults and maps were developed to fill the gap that was created as field work was impossible. A university course on geology was designed on the basis of the constructed distance learning teaching tools, and more than 100 students from the Department of Civil Engineering attended the course. The results show that the proposed tools helped the students to considerably understand scientific information on geology and supported the learning outcomes. Thus, it is suggested that the teaching tools, constructed for the purposes of the study, could be used in conditions when distance learning is required, or even under typical learning conditions after laboratories, as well as before or after fieldtrips, for better learning outcomes.

9.
International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks ; 11(2):247-258, 2023.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2295245

ABSTRACT

Slow tourism is a way of doing tourism which has been revalorised because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The protection and promotion of the territories from a slow tourism perspective allow travellers to explore the relationships between people, places and practices from a more sustainable and regenerative way. This research aims to explore the slow tourism motivations in relation to a geotourism destination. Drawing from an autoethnography design informed by a case study, the paper analyses the Basque Coast Geopark, in Northern Spain, as an illustrative example of the drivers of slow tourism experiences. Results illustrate, with textual descriptions and visual materials, how and why the motivations of discovery, engagement, escape, novelty-seeking, relaxation and self-reflection are manifested. This research demonstrates that the slow tourism factors are accentuated in a geotourism destination, which is also useful to analyse the relationships between the motivations. Theoretical and practical implications for tourism management and marketing are described. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

10.
22nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference: Ecology, Economics, Education and Legislation, SGEM 2022 ; 22:735-741, 2022.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2260698

ABSTRACT

Previous studies have shown that secondary school students may have misconceptions about geological scientific information. By the end of secondary education these misconceptions may remain unresolved. As a result, students enter university studies and still hold them. Students of engineering, as for example civil engineering, are no exception. The aim of this study was to investigate and analyse misconceptions of this specific target group. A closed questionnaire was designed and given to 102 University students who attended the 2nd semester course "Geology for Civil Engineers” in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Patras. The questionnaire was designed and validated according to previous research findings and implemented through google forms that were prepared and given electronically to the students to fill them online. The participants completed the questionnaire on the principles of geology electronically due to Covid-19 conditions. The results showed that in some questions most of the students answered correctly while in others there were many wrong answers, which revealed their misconceptions in geology. Many misconceptions were traced especially regarding mineral properties like color and luster. An important observation was that a notable number of students confused hardness with brittleness and as a result they expressed their belief that hard minerals are hard to break. Gender and age differences were tested using appropriate statistical tests. In cases that there was a significant difference between the genders, women were the ones with higher percentage of correct answers. The results may be seen in relation to educational practices. © 2022 International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference. All rights reserved.

11.
Sustainability ; 15(5):4547, 2023.
Article in English | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2287243

ABSTRACT

The source apportionment of pollutants is the key to preventing and controlling the pollution caused by heavy metals in soils. The aim of this study was to investigate the main sources of heavy metals in the soils of black shale areas in western Zhejiang, China. Based on geostatistical spatial analysis, this research employed positive matrix factorization (PMF) for the source apportionment of heavy metals in paddy soil. The results showed that contaminated arable soils were concentrated in the western and southern study areas. At least five major sources of heavy metals were screened in this study: natural sources (39.66%), traffic emissions (32.85%), industrial emissions (9.23%), agricultural activities (9.17%), and mining (9.10%). To be specific, Cd was mainly from mining;As originated from agricultural inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides;and Hg, as an industrial pollutant, was transported by atmospheric deposition in the study area. The accumulation of Pb, Zn, and Cu was mainly influenced by natural sources and anthropogenic sources, i.e., traffic emissions, while that of Cr and Ni was controlled by natural sources.

12.
Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences ; 10(3):1-198, 2022.
Article in English | CAB Abstracts | ID: covidwho-2247203

ABSTRACT

This special issue contains 17 papers covering a range of topics related to environmental, geological, and social issues in Bangladesh. The articles use various methodologies, including statistical analysis, satellite imaging, and case studies, to explore issues such as drought, urbanization, healthcare, greenhouse gas emissions, groundwater resources, COVID-19 stigmatization, oil rim reservoir development, coal permeability, seaweed composition, hailstorms, tropical cyclones, heavy metal contamination, flood hazard assessment, and climate change vulnerability. Overall, the articles provide valuable insights and information that can inform policy and decision-making in Bangladesh.

13.
Journal of Geoscience Education ; 71(2):129-144, 2023.
Article in English | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2264891

ABSTRACT

COVID-19 has created challenges and opportunities across higher education, with flow-on effects for teaching, research, and publishing. Using an archival case study approach, we analyzed 543 Journal of Geoscience Education submissions from 2018 to 2020 to determine potential impacts of the pandemic on our authors and reviewers. Trends in submission numbers and types, gender, and institutional affiliation were characterized pre- and post-COVID onset. Results indicate that though there was an initial drop in submissions post-COVID onset, submission numbers rose to typical levels a few months later. However, the proportion of Curriculum and Instruction submissions dropped by 10% post-COVID onset, whereas research submissions increased by 12.6%, representing a tenfold increase in the gap between the two. In contrast to other studies that found a decrease in submissions by women authors post-COVID onset, JGE had a 3.8% increase in initial submissions by women corresponding authors. However, there was a 12.2% decrease in revisions by women corresponding authors post-COVID onset. Women reviewers had a 2.2% lower acceptance rate post-COVID onset, though still make up over half of JGE's reviewers. Although there were more contributions from corresponding authors at research intensive institutions, reviewers from these institutions had lower acceptance rates post-COVID onset. Review and revision durations both increased post-COVID onset, and reviewer decline reasons became more specific. In response to these findings, we recommend that the geoscience education community continue to be openly understanding of work-life balance, encourage more Curriculum & Instruction scholarship, and support more contributions from authors and reviewers at non-research intensive institutions.

14.
2nd International Meeting for Applied Geoscience and Energy, IMAGE 2022 ; 2022-August:3642-3644, 2022.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2224328

ABSTRACT

SmartTensors (https://github.com/SmartTensors) is a novel framework for unsupervised and physics-informed machine learning for geoscience applications. The methods in SmartTensors AI platform are developed using advanced matrix/tensor factorization constrained by penalties enforcing robustness and interpretability (e.g., nonnegativity, sparsity, physics, and mathematical constraints;etc.). This framework has been applied to analyze diverse datasets related to a wide range of problems: from COVID-19 to wildfires and climate. Here, we will focus on the analysis of geothermal prospectivity of the Great Basin, U.S. The basin covers a vast area that is yet to be thoroughly explored to discover new geothermal resources. The available regional geochemical data are expected to provide critical information about the geothermal reservoir properties in the basin, including temperature, fluid/heat flow, boundary conditions, and spatial extent. The geochemical data may also include hidden (latent) information that is a proxy for geothermal prospectivity. We processed the sparse geochemical dataset of 18 geochemical attributes observed at 14,341 locations. The data are analyzed using our GeoThermalCloud toolbox for geothermal exploration (https://github.com/SmartTensors/GeoThermalCloud.jl) whichis also a part of the SmartTensors framework. An unsupervised machine learning using non-negative matrix factorization with customized k-means clustering (NMFk) as implemented in SmartTensors identified three hidden geothermal signatures representing low-, medium-, and high-temperature reservoirs, respectively (Fig). NMFk also evaluated the probability of occurrence of these types of resources through the studied region. NMFk also reconstructed attributes from sparse into continuous over the study domain. Future work will add in the ML analyses other regional- and site-scale datasets including geological, geophysical, and geothermal attributes. © 2022 Society of Exploration Geophysicists and the American Association of Petroleum Geologists.

15.
Geoheritage ; 15(1), 2023.
Article in English | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2209551

ABSTRACT

The conversion of wild caves into tourist sites poses serious threats to the conservation of subterranean environments. Among them, the extensive growth of photosynthetic biofilms induced by artificial lighting—the so-called lampenflora—is of particular concern for cave managers. The identification of cost-effective management actions controlling the growth of lampenflora is therefore required to preserve the environmental and touristic values of show caves. By taking advantage of the closure period imposed to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, we tested whether 6 months of cave closure could be an effective strategy to reduce the concentration of photosynthetic biofilms on speleothems in four geographically close Italian show caves. We compared the concentration of the three main microorganism groups composing lampenflora, i.e., cyanobacteria, diatoms, and green algae, measured in September 2020 with values recorded 6 months after the closure, in May 2021. Although slight variations have been observed across the different sampling sessions, we did not detect any significant effect of the closure period on the overall concentration values of lampenflora. Also, we recorded no significant differences in lampenflora concentration after 4 months of regular tourist use, in September 2021. Our results suggest that management practices based on regulating visits to show caves are not effective strategies to reduce lampenflora. Therefore, management practices aiming at a sustainable use of show caves should focus on the active removal of photosynthetic biofilms.

16.
Geoscience Communication ; 5(4):381-395, 2022.
Article in English | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2202608

ABSTRACT

Geological (Engineering) Field Methods (GEOE/L 221) is a core course for two programs at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, where students learn foundational knowledge, skills, and methods to conduct fieldwork that is used to investigate geological and geological engineering aspects of the Earth. Typically, this fall-term course involves weekly field trips in the Kingston area to visit a variety of rock outcrops to learn and practice methods of field navigation, observation, and measurement. Remote delivery of this course in fall 2020 due to COVID-19, without in-person field trips, required a significant transformation, which included creating field and demonstration instructional videos, using 3D digital photogrammetry models of rock samples and outcrops, developing independent outdoor activities for pace and compass navigation, manual sketching, and graphical measurements on paper, and utilizing a culminating immersive 3D video-game-style geological field mapping exercise. This paper examines these new course elements, how well the course learning objectives were achieved in a remote setting, and the successes and limitations of remote delivery. Although many new virtual elements enhance the course, and some have been incorporated into subsequent in-person offerings, a return to in-person teaching for geological sciences and geological engineering field methods courses is strongly recommended.

17.
Open Geosciences ; - (1):1356-1379, 2022.
Article in English | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2140800

ABSTRACT

In recent years, the proliferation of coronavirus disease has profoundly affected the world. The vitality of urban space is difficult to recover in the short term. Therefore, in the early stage of human-to-human transmission of the epidemic, we need to determine the potential urban agglomeration space as soon as possible, the timely find of hidden danger areas, and carry out spatial optimization to prevent the further spread of the epidemic. This becomes the urgent problem at the moment. Jinan is the capital city of Shandong Province, and the mega-city of China. The study is focused on the main urban area within the bypass. This study used spatial data methods such as spatial grammar and GIS technology. First, we analyzed the spatial topological properties of urban road network during the epidemic. Then, we carried out spatial autocorrelation analysis on the topological attributes to get the shape of urban spatial clustering layout during the epidemic. Finally, the thesis crawled through various types of infrastructure points-of-interest and conducted nuclear density analysis to get the dynamic trend of urban space in Jinan. The research results showed that there is significant space for agglomeration in the main urban area of Jinan. The areas with strong agglomeration are basically located in tourism areas, school areas, business areas, living circle areas of residential communities in Licheng and Lixia districts, transportation hub areas in Tianqiao District, and high-tech industrial areas in Lixia District. Topography, water body, greening, and parks could effectively reduce the concentration of human flow, and are important areas to relieve the potential abnormal epidemic. This study provided a new method for detecting epidemic prevention and control areas, optimizing urban space layout and formulating prevention and control strategies in the early stage of human-to-human epidemic transmission and lack of case surveillance data and control measures.

18.
Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry ; 37(1), 2022.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2133679

ABSTRACT

In the field of air analysis, highlights within this review period included: a new in situ method for measuring resuspended road dust arising from vehicular movements;new ink-printed filter reference materials for black- and elemental-carbon measurements;coupling of a scanning mobility particle sizer to a single-particle-ICP-MS instrument for improved nanoparticle characterisation;developments in total-reflection XRF spectrometry for trace analysis and evaluation of vibrational spectroscopic techniques for measuring respirable crystalline silica in the workplace. The increasing availability of ICP-MS/MS instruments is revolutionising the analysis of environmental samples such as waters for trace elements. The advent of the mass shift mode makes some elements such as P and S much easier to quantify and allows the REEs and some radioisotopes to be determined at much lower concentrations than previously possible. Advances in vapour generation methods are mostly limited to photochemical and chemical vapour generation as reflected in the new table listing the main advances. Solid or liquid phase extraction prior to analysis remains of great interest, although a notable trend is the synthesis of new materials rather than optimisation of commercially available chelating agents and columns. The analytical effort presented in a paper is sometimes much less than the effort put into the synthesis of the materials so one wonders about the likelihood of methods actually being used and results replicated. Notable in the analysis of soils and plants was the unusually large number of review articles - possibly because practical research was hampered by the Covid-19 epidemic. Areas of continued growth were research on nanoparticles, the application of high-resolution continuum source AAS for multielement analysis, the development of miniaturised AES instruments that may ultimately be field-portable and application of LIBS to the analysis of plant materials. A concerted effort to characterise natural minerals that are sufficiently homogeneous to act as reference materials in the microanalysis of geological materials has resulted in the availability of new materials for isotope ratio determinations. Tied to this has been research into U-Pb dating of zircon and a variety of other accessory minerals by LA-ICP-MS and SIMS. New chemometric models have been developed to handle the complex LIBS data arising from the analysis of geological matrices in the field and during ore processing. Studies on the use of ICP-MS/MS to reduce polyatomic interferences in geological applications were widespread, reflecting the availability of such instruments. In contrast, the potential offered by integrating LIBS data with those from LA-ICP-MS has only just started to be explored but is likely to increase with the development of commercial instruments. © 2022 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

19.
Environmental & Engineering Geoscience ; 28(4):397, 2022.
Article in English | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2118849

ABSTRACT

This study assesses the relationship between coro-navirus (COVID-19) and the spread of various heavy metal contaminants across Iraq. The study collects all confirmed, recovered, and death cases of the COVID-19 virus at its onset in Iraq until May 2, 2020, comparing Iraq with the top three infected countries in the world (the United States Spain, and Italy). In addition, numerous heavy metal contamination in different Iraqi cities have been summarized and associated with the allowable upper and lower worldwide standard limits. Furthermore, the study introduces a hierarchical predictive approach for the relationship between confirmed infected cases and deaths due to the COVID-19 virus and heavy metal contamination in various Iraqi cities. It is concluded that all the studied Iraqi cities have heavy metal contamination for different chemical elements exceeding the allowable standard limits. Extreme contents of copper, nickel, lead, and zinc are concentrated in Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Sulaimaniyah, Erbil, and Baghdad with limits of 160 µg/g, 240.9 µg/g, 378 µg/g, and 1,080 µg/g, respectively. Based on the hierarchical prediction approach, a linear positive relationship between both confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19 with different heavy metal contamination was obtained with a maximum coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.97.

20.
Geophysical Research Letters ; 49(21), 2022.
Article in English | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2118602

ABSTRACT

Hydraulic fracturing (HF) operations are widely associated with induced seismicity in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. This study correlates injection parameters of 12,903 HF stages in the Kiskatinaw area in northeast British Columbia with an enhanced catalog containing 40,046 earthquakes using a supervised machine learning approach. It identifies relevant combinations of geological and operational parameters related to individual HF stages in efforts to decipher fault activation mechanisms. Our results suggest that stages targeting specific geological units (here, the Lower Montney formation) are more likely to induce an earthquake. Additional parameters positively correlated with earthquake likelihood include target formation thickness, injection volume, and completion date. Furthermore, the COVID‐19 lockdown may have reduced the potential cumulative effect of HF operations. Our results demonstrate the value of machine learning approaches for implementation as guidance tools that help facilitate safe development of unconventional energy technologies.Alternate :Plain Language SummaryHydraulic fracturing (HF), a technique used in unconventional energy production, increases rock permeability to enhance fluid movement. Its use has led to an unprecedented increase of associated earthquakes in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in the last decade, among other regions. Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between induced earthquakes and HF operations, but the connection between specific geological and operational parameters and earthquake occurrence is only partly understood. Here, we use a supervised machine learning approach with publicly available injection data from the British Columbia Oil and Gas Commission to identify influential HF parameters for increasing the likelihood of a specific operation inducing an earthquake. We find that geological parameters, such as the target formation and its thickness, are most influential. A small number of operational parameters are also important, such as the injected fluid volume and the operation date. Our findings demonstrate an approach with the potential to develop tools to help enable the continued development of alternative energy technology. They also emphasize the need for public access to operational data to estimate and reduce the hazard and associated risk of induced seismicity.

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